AIR ENTRAINMENT IN THE DEVELOPING FLOW REGION
OF PLUNGING JETS
by Peter D. CUMMINGS and Hubert CHANSON

Experimental data - 1997 Jl of Fluids Engineering, ASME


Plunging jet experiments were performed using a two-dimensional vertical supported jet facility. The apparatus consists of a glass tank with a depth of 1.8 m, a width of 0.30 m and a length of 3.6 m. A PVC rotatable slot nozzle supplies a planar supported jet, 0.27 m wide and 0.012 m thick. The length of the plate that supported the jet was 0.35 m and its inclination with the horizontal was 89 degrees for all experiments. The water supply comes from a constant head tank which has a constant water level of 12.9 m above the nozzle.

A summary of the experiments is presented in section D.2 before the full set of data (sections D.3 and D.4).

The databank contribution is additional material for :

CUMMINGS, P.D., and CHANSON, H. (1997). "Air Entrainment in the Developing Flow Region of Plunging Jets. Part 1 Theoretical Development." Journal of Fluids Engineering, Transactions ASME, Vol. 119, No. 3, pp. 597-602 (ISSN 0098-2202).  (download PDF file) (PDF file at UQeSpace)
CUMMINGS, P.D., and CHANSON, H. (1997). "Air Entrainment in the Developing Flow Region of Plunging Jets. Part 2 : Experimental." Journal of Fluids Engineering, Transactions ASME, Vol. 119, No. 3, pp. 603-608 (ISSN 0098-2202).  (download PDF file) (PDF file at UQeSpace) The full set of experimental data was first published in :
CHANSON, H. (1995). "Air Bubble Entrainment in Free-surface Turbulent Flows. Experimental Investigations." Report CH46/95, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, Australia, June, 368 pages (ISBN 0 86776 611 5).  (PDF file at UQeSpace) (Click here for Order Form)

Filenames

For the Extended Electronic Manuscript, the order of the files is as follows :
D1_PLUNG.DOC
D2.PLUNG.DOC
TWO.XLS
SIX.XLS
2BUBBLE.XLS
6.BUBBLE.XLS
The two first files are Word-for-Windows files. The last four are Excel-for-Windows files. All the files are compacted in the WinZip file jfe97.zip.
 Air bubble entrainment in turbulent shear flows

Related bibliography

   BERTOLA, N.J., WANG, H., and CHANSON, H. (2018), "Air Bubble Entrainment, Breakup and Interplay in Vertical Plunging Jets." Journal of Fluids Engineering, ASME, Vol. 140, No. 9, Paper 091301, 13 pages (DOI: 10.1115/1.4039715) (ISSN 0098-2202). (PDF file) (Preprint at UQeSpace)
   BRATTBERG, T., and CHANSON, H. (1998). "Air Entrapment and Air Bubble Dispersion at Two-Dimensional Plunging Water Jets." Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 53, No. 24, Dec., pp. 4113-4127 (ISSN 0009-2509) (Download PDF file) (PDF file at UQeSpace). Errata:  1999, Vol. 54, No. 12, p. 192  (Download PDF file). (PDF file at UQeSpace).
  CHANSON, H. (1988). "A Study of Air Entrainment and Aeration Devices on a Spillway Model." Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engrg., University of Canterbury, New Zealand. (Also Report Ref. 88-8, Dept. of Civil Engrg., University of Canterbury, New Zealand (ISSN 0110-3326).)  (PDF file at UQeSpace)
   CHANSON, H. (2004). "Air Entrainment in Hydraulic Engineering." in "Fluvial, Environmental & Coastal Developments in Hydraulic Engineering", Balkema, Leiden, The Netherlands, Proc. International Workshop on State-of-the-Art Hydraulic Engineering, 16-19 Feb. 2004, Bari, Italy, M. MOSSA, Y. YASUDA and H. CHANSON Ed., pp. 17-63 (ISBN 04 1535 899 X).(PDF file at UQeSpace) (Leaflet and Order Form)
  CHANSON, H. (1997). "Air Bubble Entrainment in Free-Surface Turbulent Shear Flows." Academic Press, London, UK, 401 pages (ISBN 0-12-168110-6).
  CHANSON, H,. (2002). "An Experimental Study of Roman Dropshaft Operation : Hydraulics, Two-Phase Flow, Acoustics." Report CH50/02, Dept of Civil Eng., Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 99 pages (ISBN 1864996544). ( Download PDF files http://www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans/ch5002.zip [2.5 Mb])  (PDF file at UQeSpace)
  CHANSON, H. (2003). "Experimental Investigation of Dropshaft Hydraulics: Two-Phase Flow and Acoustics." Proc. 30th IAHR Biennial Congress, Thessaloniki, Greece, J. GANOULIS and P. PRINOS Ed., Vol. B, pp. 353-360 (ISBN 960-243-594-1). (PDF file at UQeSpace) (Download PDF File)
  CHANSON, H. (2004). "Hydraulics of Rectangular Dropshafts." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 130, No. 6, pp. 523-529 (ISSN 0733-9437). (PDF file at UQeSpace) (Download PDF file)
  CHANSON, H. (2009). "Current Knowledge In Hydraulic Jumps And Related Phenomena. A Survey of Experimental Results." European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 191-210 (DOI: 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2008.06.004 ) (ISSN 0997-7546). (PDF file at UQeSpace)
  CHANSON, H. (2009). "Turbulent Air-water Flows in Hydraulic Structures: Dynamic Similarity and Scale Effects." Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 125-142 (DOI: 10.1007/s10652-008-9078-3) (ISSN 1567-7419 [Print] 1573-1510 [Online]). (PDF file at UQeSpace)
  CHANSON, H., AOKI, S., and HOQUE, A. (2002). "Similitude of  Air Bubble Entrainment and Dispersion in Vertical Circular Plunging Jet Flows. An Experimental Study with Freshwater, Salty Freshwater and Seawater." Coastal/Ocean Engineering Report, No. COE02-1, Dept. of Architecture and Civil Eng., Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan. (PDF file at UQeSpace)
  CHANSON, H., AOKI, S., and HOQUE, A. (2004). "Physical Modelling and Similitude of Air Bubble Entrainment at Vertical Circular Plunging Jets." Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 747-754 (ISSN 0009-2509).  (PDF file at UQeSpace) (Download PDF file)
   CHANSON, H., AOKI, S., and HOQUE, A. (2006). "Bubble Entrainment and Dispersion in Plunging Jet Flows: Freshwater versus Seawater." Journal of Coastal Research, Vol. 22, No. 3, May, pp. 664-677 (DOI: 10.2112/03-0112.1) (ISSN 0749-0208).  (PDF file at UQeSpace) (PDF file at EprintsUQ)
  CHANSON, H., and BRATTBERG, T. (1998). "Air Entrainment by Two-Dimensional Plunging Jets : the Impingement Region and the Very-Near Flow Field." Proc. 1998 ASME Fluids Eng. Conf., FEDSM'98, Washington DC, USA, June 21-25, Keynote paper, Paper FEDSM98-4806, 8 pages (CD-ROM) (ISBN 0 7918 1950 7). (PDF file at UQeSpace) (download PDF file)
  CHANSON, H., and BRATTBERG, T. (1997). "Experimental Investigations of Air Bubble Entrainment in Developing Shear Layers." Report CH48/97, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, Australia, Oct., 309 pages (ISBN 0 86776 748 0). (Order a Hard Copy) (PDF Version at EprintsUQ)
  CHANSON, H., and MANASSEH, R. (2003). "Air Entrainment Processes in a Circular Plunging Jet. Void Fraction and Acoustic Measurements." Journal of Fluids Engineering, Trans. ASME, Vol. 125, No. 5, Sept., pp. 910-921 (ISSN 0098-2202). (Download PDF file) (PDF file at UQeSpace)
   MANASSEH, R., and CHANSON, H. (2001). "Void-Fraction and Acoustic Characteristics of Gas Bubbles Entrained by a Circular Plunging Jet." Proc. 4th Intl Conf. Multiphase Flow, ICMF'01, New Orléans, USA, Paper 347, 12 pages (CD-ROM). [download PDF file]
   CHANSON, H., and MANASSEH, R. (2003). "Air Entrainment Processes in a Circular Plunging Jet. Void Fraction and Acoustic Measurements." Journal of Fluids Engineering, Trans. ASME, Vol. 125, No. 5, Sept., pp. 910-921 (ISSN 0098-2202). (Download PDF file) (PDF file at UQeSpace)
   CUMMINGS, P.D. (1996). "Aeration due to Breaking Waves." Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engrg., University of Queensland, Australia.  (PDF file at UQeSpace)
   CUMMINGS, P.D., and CHANSON, H. (1999). "An Experimental Study of Individual Air Bubble Entrainment at a Planar Plunging Jet." Chem. Eng. Research and Design, Trans. IChemE, Part A, Vol. 77, No. A2, pp. 159-164 (ISSN 0263-8762). (download PDF file) (PDF file at UQeSpace)
   MURZYN, F., and CHANSON, H. (2008). "Experimental Assessment of Scale Effects Affecting Two-Phase Flow Properties in Hydraulic Jumps." Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 513-521 (DOI: 10.1007/s00348-008-0494-4) (ISSN 0723-4864). (PDF file at UQeSpace)
 

Related Links

Acoustic characteristics of air entrainment at plunging jet {http://www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans/bubble/}
Research Papers in Environmental Fluid Mechanics and Water Engineering {http://www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans/reprints.html}
Internet Resources in Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulic Engineering and Water Sciences {http://www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans/url_menu.html}

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About Dr Hubert CHANSON
Hubert CHANSON is a Professor in Civil Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering and Applied Fluid Mechanics, at the University of Queeensland, Australia. His research interests include design of hydraulic structures, experimental investigations of two-phase flows, coastal hydrodynamics, water quality modelling, environmental management and natural resources. He has been an active consultant for both governmental agencies and private organisations. His publication record includes over 550 international refereed papers and his work was cited over 2,700 times since 1990. Hubert Chanson is the author of several books : "Hydraulic Design of Stepped Cascades, Channels, Weirs and Spillways" (Pergamon, 1995), "Air Bubble Entrainment in Free-Surface Turbulent Shear Flows" (Academic Press, 1997), "The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow : An Introduction" (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1st edition 1999, 2nd editon 2004), "The Hydraulics of Stepped Chutes and Spillways" (Balkema, 2001), "Environmental Hydraulics of Open Channel Flows" (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004), "Applied Hydrodynamics: an Introduction of Ideal and Real Fluid Flows" (CRC Press, 2009), and "Tidal Bores, Aegir, Eagre, Mascaret, Pororoca: Theory And Observations" (World Scientific, 2011). He co-authored two further books "Fluid Mechanics for Ecologists" (IPC Press, 2002) and "Fluid Mechanics for Ecologists. Student Edition" (IPC, 2006). His textbook "The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flows : An Introduction" has already been translated into Spanish (McGraw-Hill Interamericana) and Chinese (Hydrology Bureau of Yellow River Conservancy Committee), and the second edition was published in 2004. In 2003, the IAHR presented him with the 13th Arthur Ippen Award for outstanding achievements in hydraulic engineering. The American Society of Civil Engineers, Environmental and Water Resources Institute (ASCE-EWRI) presented him with the 2004 award for the Best Practice paper in the Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ("Energy Dissipation and Air Entrainment in Stepped Storm Waterway" by Chanson and Toombes 2002). Hubert Chanson edited further several books : "Fluvial, Environmental and Coastal Developments in Hydraulic Engineering" (Mossa, Yasuda & Chanson 2004, Balkema), "Hydraulics. The Next Wave" (Chanson & Macintosh 2004, Engineers Australia), "Hydraulic Structures: a Challenge to Engineers and Researchers" (Matos & Chanson 2006, The University of Queensland), "Experiences and Challenges in Sewers: Measurements and Hydrodynamics" (Larrate & Chanson 2008, The University of Queensland), "Hydraulic Structures: Useful Water Harvesting Systems or Relics?" (Janssen & Chanson 2010, The University of Queensland), "Balance and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World" (Valentine et al. 2011, Engineers Australia). He chaired the Organisation of the 34th IAHR World Congress held in Brisbane, Australia between 26 June and 1 July 2011.
 His Internet home page is http://www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans. He also developed a gallery of photographs website {http://www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans/photo.html} that received more than 2,000 hits per month since inception.

This page was visited :  times since 18-02-2001.
Last updated on 30/04/2018

Tidal bores Applied HydrodynamicsEnvironmental hydraulics of open channel flow Hydraulics of open channel flow (2nd edition)The Hydraulics of Stepped Chutes and SpillwaysThe Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: an IntroductionAir bubble entrainment in turbulent shear flowsHydraulic design of stepped cascades, channels, weirs and spillways  McGraw-Hill Interamericana 13th Ippen award (IAHR)