Tidal
bores, Mascaret, Pororoca
(1). Myths, Fables and Reality !!!
by Hubert CHANSON (h.chanson@uq.edu.au)
M.E., ENSHM Grenoble, INSTN, PhD (Cant.), DEng (Qld),
Eur.Ing., MIEAust., MIAHR, 13th Arthur Ippen
awardee (IAHR)
School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland,
Brisbane QLD 4072, Autralia
http://www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans/
Presentation
When
a
river mouth has a flat, converging shape and when the tidal range exceeds 6
to 9 m, the river may experience a tidal bore (Fig.
1). A tidal bore is basically a series of waves propagating upstream
as the tidal flow turns to rising. It is a positive surge. As the surge
progresses inland, the river flow is reversed behind it (e.g. LYNCH 1982,
CHANSON 2001). The best historically documented tidal bores are probably
those of the Seine river (France) and Qiantang river (China). The mascaret
of the Seine river was documented first during the 7th and 9th centuries AD,
and in writings from the 11th to 16th centuries (MALANDAIN 1988). It was
locally known as "la Barre". The Qiantang river bore, also called Hangzhou
bore, was early mentioned during the 7th and 2nd centuries BC, and it was
described in 8th century writings. The bore was then known as "The Old
Faithful" because it kept time better than clocks. A tidal bore on the Indus
river might have wiped out the fleet of Alexander the Great (MALANDAIN 1988,
JONES 2003). Another famous tidal bore is the "pororoca" of the Amazon river
observed by PINZON and LA CONDAMINE in the 16th and 18th centuries
respectively. The Hoogly (or Hooghly) bore on the Gange was documented in
19th century shipping reports. Smaller tidal bores occur on the Severn river
near Gloucester, England, on the Garonne and Dordogne rivers, France, at
Turnagain Arm and Knik Arm, Cook Inlet (Alaska), in the Bay of Fundy (at
Petitcodiac and Truro), on the Styx and Daly rivers (Australia), and at
Batang Lupar (Malaysia).
Famous ones include the Hangchow (or Hangzhou) bore on the Qiantang
river (photo: (1),
(2) , (3)
), the Amazon bore called pororoca (photo: (1),
(2) ,
(3)
; info: see below ), the tidal bore on the Seine river (mascaret)
(photo: (1) ;
info: (2) ),
the Hoogly (or Hooghly) bore on the Gange, the bore on the Mekong river.
Smaller tidal bores occur on the Severn river near Gloucester, England
(photo : (1), (2)
, (3) ), on the
Trent river (aegir) (photo: (1)),
on the Garonne and Dordogne rivers, France (photo: (1),
(2)
, (3); info: (3)
(4) ), at Turnagain Arm and
Knik Arm, Cook Inlet (Alaska) (info: (1)
; photo: (2) , (3)
), the bores in the Bay of Fundy (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) like at
Petitcodiac (info: (1)
), tidal bores on the Styx river QLD and on the Daly river NT (Australia),
the tidal bore called benak at Batang Lupar (Malaysia) (photo (1)).
Hubert
Chanson observed the tidal bore of the Dordogne river on 27 Sept. 2000
(5:00pm). The bore propagates first in the Gironde
before separating and continuing both in the Garonne and in the Dordogne (Map).
At
St Pardon, the tidal bore was an undular bore on the 27 Sept. 2000.
Photographs No. 1 and 3 illustrate the undular nature of the positive surge.
Photo No. 1 shows the arriving bore. Photo No. 2 illustrates kayacks and
surfers riding the bore. Photo No. 3
was taken just downstream of St Pardon while Photo
No. 4 was shot in front of St Pardon. More pictures of tidal bores are
here. More
about the tidal bore (mascaret) of the Seine
river ...
A personal experience of undular tidal bores
Hubert Chanson observed the undular tidal bore of the Dordogne river
on 27 Sept. 2000 (5:00pm) (CHANSON 2001, IAHR
Congress). The bore propagates first in the Gironde
before separating and continuing both in the Garonne and in the Dordogne (Map).
At
St Pardon, the tidal bore was an undular bore on the day. Photographs No. 1
and 3 illustrate the undular nature of the positive surge. Photo
No. 1 shows the arriving bore. Photo
No. 2 illustrates kayacks and surfers riding the bore. Photo
No. 3 was taken just downstream of St Pardon while Photo
No. 4 was shot in front of St Pardon.
On 7 April, the writer experienced the Sélune river tidal bore at
Roche-Torin and Pontaubault, about 90 min. and 30 min. respectively before
the high tide at Mont Saint-Michel. The tidal range was 13.75 m and it was
the largest tides in the Baie du Mont Saint Michel for 2004. At Roche-Torin,
the writer heard the rumble of the tidal bore about 25-30 min. before the
bore front arrived. The bore was first visible between Ile de Tombelaine and
Pointe du Grouin du Sud (Fig. 3A). The
front was more than one kilometre wide and it had not yet divided between
the Sée and Sélune river channels. Later the advancing front entered the
Sélune river mouth with a celerity of about 2.7 to 3.1 m/s (Fig.
3B). The freshwater flow was negligible and the advancing bore height
was about 0.3 to 0.6 m, although the bore constantly evolved in shape in
response of changes in channel topography. In front of Roche-Torin, the
middle section of the bore was an undular bore in the deep water channel,
while breaking bores were observed in the shallower waters and sometimes on
dry flats. At one stage, the undular bore disappeared briefly on the channel
centreline possibly because of a deeper water hole, although the breaking
bores were clearly seen elsewhere moving upstream of Roche-Torin. About 50
min. later, the tidal bore reached Pontaubault, about 8 km upstream of
Roche-Torin (Fig. 3C). A group of
kayackists was following the bore for a few kilometres. The bore celerity
was about 2.5 to 2.7 m/s, the freshwater flow velocity before bore arrival
was about 0.1 m/s while the advancing bore front was about 0.4 to 0.6 m
high. The bore then flowed beneath a 15th century stone bridge, called Pont
Aubaud. The bore passage between the piers was extremely turbulent. Note
that the bridge piers were shaped to cut the tidal bore.
Basic theory
A surge (2)
in an open channel is a sudden change of flow depth (i.e. abrupt increase or
decrease in depth). An abrupt increase in flow depth is called a positive
surge while a sudden decrease in depth is termed a negative surge. This
picture shows an undular surge
(propagation from left to right). A positive surge looks like a moving
hydraulic jump. The application of the momentum principle to the unsteady
flow is based upon a quasi-steady flow situation analogy (CHANSON
1999, pp. 67-71, CHANSON 2012). A bore is a positive surge of tidal
origin. Tidal bores occur as the tidal flow turns to rising (e.g. LYNCH
1982) (Links : (1)
). The front of a positive surge absorbs random disturbances on both sides
of the surge and this makes the positive surge stable and self-perpetuating.
With appropriate boundary conditions, a tidal bore may travel long distances
upsteam of the river mouth. For example, the tidal bore on the Pungue river
(Mozambique) is still about 0.7 m high about 50 km upstream of the mouth and
it may reach 80 km inland.
Although a bore may be analysed using a quasi-steady flow analogy, its
inception and development is commonly predicted using the method of
characteristics and Saint-Venant equations. During the flood tide, the
tailwater level increases with time, and the forward characteristics
converge and eventually intersect at a point where the water depth has two
values at the same time: i.e., the abrupt front of the tidal bore. After
formation of the bore, the flow properties immediately upstream and
downstream of the front must satisfy the continuity and momentum principles
(e.g. HENDERSON 1966, CHANSON 1999). The shape of the bore is a function of
the surge Froude number. For Froude numbers between 1 and 1.3 to 1.5, the
bore exhibits an undular profile. For larger Froude numbers, the surge has a
breaking front. In the latter, significant energy dissipation takes place in
the roller, while the rate of energy dissipation is negligible in undular
bores (CHANSON 2001).
Impact on mixing and
dispersion
Tidal bores induce strong turbulent mixing in the estuary and river mouth.
The effect may be felt along considerable distances. Mixing and dispersion
in a tidal bore affected estuary are not comparable to well-mixed estuary
processes. Instead the effects of the tidal bore must be accounted for and
the bore may become the predominant mixing process.
The effect on sediment transport was studied at Petitcodiac and Shubenacadie
rivers (Can.), in the Sée and Sélune rivers (Fra.), Ord river (Aus.),
Turnagain Arm inlet (Alaska) and on the Hangzhou bay (Chin.) (e.g. TESSIER
and TERWINDT 1994, BARTSCH-WINKLER et al. 1985, WOLANSKI et al. 2001, CHEN
et al. 1990). The arrival of the bore front is associated with intense bed
shear and scour. Behind sediment material is advected upwards by large scale
turbulent structures evidenced in the Dordogne river (CHANSON 2001).
Sediment suspension behind the bore is sustained by strong long-lasting wave
motion. At the Dee river (UK), Dr E. JONES observed more than 230 waves,
also called whelps or éteules. MURPHY's (1983) photograph showed more than
30 well-formed undulations behind the Amazon pororoca. At the Dordogne river
(Fra.), the writer observed an intense wave motion lasting more than 20
minutes after the bore passage (CHANSON 2001,2003).
Diffusion coefficient estimates in rivers and estuaries were developed for
gradually-varied flows and uniform equilibrium flows. They do not apply to
rapidly varied flow conditions: e.g., hydraulic jumps, tidal bores.
Hydraulic jumps are known indeed for their strong mixing properties
(HENDERSON 1966, CHANSON 1999). Experimental observations of mixing
coefficients in hydraulic jumps and bores are summarised in CHANSON (2003).
In laboratory hydraulic jumps, the vertical diffusion coefficient of
entrained air bubbles was about:: Dv/(V1*d1)
~ 4.5 E-2 for 5 < Fr < 8.5, in the turbulent shear flows, where d1
is the upstream water depth, V1 is the upstream flow velocity and
Fr is the inflow Froude number (CHANSON and BRATTBERG 2000). In another
series of experiments with dye and salt injection at the jump toe, complete
vertical and transverse mixing was rapid implying a transverse mixing
coefficient estimate: Dt/(V1*d1) ~ 0.14 for
5.9 < Fr < 7.7. In the Ord river, transverse sediment diffusivity et
was estimated to be about 0.71 m2/s. For comparison, measured
transverse diffusivities were about 0.014 to 0.02 m2/s in the
Severn river that has a similar water depth and possibly smaller width
(ELLIOTT et al.'s work, in LEWIS 1997).
Overall the results (CHANSON 2003,2004) emphasise strong mixing coefficients
that are consistent with a few field measurements and visual field
observations everywhere.
Discussion
The impact of tidal bores on the ecology is acknowledged. In the Amazon
river, piranhas eat matter in suspension after the passage of the bore
(COUSTEAU and RICHARDS 1984). At Turnagain Arm inlet, bald eagles and eagles
were seen fishing behind the bore, while beluga whales were observed playing
in the bore as it formed near the mouth of the arm (BARTSCH-WINKLER and
LYNCH 1988, MOLCHAN-DOUTHIT 1998). In the same estuary, a moose tried
unsuccessfully to outrun the bore; he was caught and disappeared (MOLCHAN
and DOUTHIT 1998). In Australia, sharks and crocodiles were seen feeding
behind bores (Daly river, Broadsound). In the Severn river, the bore
impacted on sturgeons in the past and on elvers (young eels) today (WITTS
1999, JONES 2003). In the Bay of Fundy, RIFSON and TULL (1999) studied the
impact of bores on striped bass spawning.
A tidal bore is a very fragile process. The bore development is closely
linked with the tidal range and river mouth shape. Once formed, the bore
existence relies upon the exact momentum balance between the initial and new
flow conditions. A small change in boundary conditions and river flow may
affect adversely the bore existence. Dredging and river training yielded the
disappearance of several tidal bores : the mascaret of the Seine river
(Fra.) no longer exists, the Colorado river bore (Mex.) is drastically
smaller. Although the fluvial traffic gained in safety in each case, the
ecology of the estuarine zones were adversely affected. The tidal bores of
the Couesnon (Fra.) and Petitcodiac (Ca.) rivers almost disappeared after
construction of an upstream barrage (Fig. 3). Natural events may also affect
a tidal bore. During the 1964 Alaska earthquake (magnitude 8.5), the inlet
bed at Turnagain and Knik Arms subsided by 2.4 m. Since smaller bores have
been observed. Also at Turnagain and Knik Arm inlets, strong and winds
(opposing the flood tide) were seen to strengthen the bore. On the other
side, the construction of the Ord river dam (Aus.) induced siltation of the
river mouth and appearance of a bore (WOLANSKI et al. 2001). The bore
disappeared since following large flood flows in 2000 and 2001 which scoured
the river bed.
(1) The word mascaret is the French translation of tidal bore.
The front of the tidal bore was locally called 'la barre'. It is
thought that the word 'mascaret' comme from Southern France (langue d'oc).
Translations of the word tidal bore include : Tidal bore (English) =
Mascaret (French) = Pororoca (Portuguese, Brazil) = Aegir (or eagre)
(Celtic).
(2) A surge is a sudden change of flow depth in an open channel (i.e. abrupt
increase or decrease in depth). An abrupt increase in flow depth is called a
positive surge while a sudden decrease in depth is termed a negative surge.
A positive surge looks like a moving hydraulic jump. Its flow properties may
be solved by applying the momentum principle to the unsteady flow based upon
a quasi-steady flow situation analogy (CHANSON 1999, pp. 67-71).
The Seine river tidal bore
Photo No. 1 : at Caudebec-en Caux
around 1960, view from the bac (ferry) looking at the right bank
(Photograph by Raymond HUON, Courtesy of Sequana-Normandie).
Photo No. 2 : Bac de Caudebec-en Caux
facing the mascaret in 1958, view from the right bank (boats and ships had
to leave the wharf to face the mascaret in a similar way)
(Copyright: Alain HUON, Courtesy of Sequana-Normandie).
Photo No. 3 : the passage of the mascaret
in the 1930s, photograph taken at the ramp of the ferry at Yainville
(France), right bank, near the old power station (Courtesy of G. FROMAGER).
Photo No. 4 : after the passage
of the masaret looking upsteam, view from right bank between Yainville and
Jumieges, looking toward Heurteauville; Note the quite river
upstream of the bore (on the left top) (Courtesy of Sequana-Normandie).
Photo No. 5 : the mascaret at
Aizier, near Quilleboeuf (view from left bank) (Courtesy of J.J.
MALANDAIN).
Photo No. 6 : mascaret at
Quilleboeuf (Photo I. Hernault, Le Havre) (Courtesy of J.J. MALANDAIN).
Photo No. 7 : the mascaret at
Villequier, ancient gravure (Courtesy of J.J. MALANDAIN).
Photo No. 8 : mascaret on the Risle, a
tributary of the Seine river at Pont-Audemer (Collection A. Renard,
editeur, Pont-Audemer) (Courtesy of J.J. MALANDAIN).
Other tidal bores
Mascaret on the Dordogne river, at Vayres (au Port de Saint
Pardon, France) : looking in the bore
direction, looking upstream
(Courtesy of Fabrice COLAS). The tidal bore (mascaret) on the 27
Sept. 2000: Photo No. 1 :
arriving bore; Photo No. 2 : kayacks
and surfers; Photo No. 3 : close to St
Pardon; Photo No. 4 : in front of St
Pardon. Tidal bore on the Dordogne river on 21
Feb. 2004 : Photo No. 1 :
arriving bore (surge Froude number about 1.05 to 1.1) at St Pardon; Photo
No. 2 : bore moving upstream towards Vayres. Photo
No. 3 : fisherman catching lamproie fish with net few minutes prior
the bore arrival between Vayres and St Pardon. Tidal bore of the
Dordogne river on 4 July 2008 : Photo No. 1 : view from Saint Pardon :
very weak undular surge. Photo No. 2 :
looking upstream towards Vayres. Menhir de
Pierrefitte : neolithic mounument located at Chateau Saint Martial, on
the right bank next to the old Pierrefitte harbour which serviced Saint
Emilion up the 16th century. Tidal bore on 20
July 2008 at sunrise : Photo No. 1
: Dordogne river in front of Port de Saint Pardon before the tidal bore
arrival. Photo No. 2 : ripple in the
channel centreline marking the tidal bore front, view from the left bank. Photo No. 3 : wave breaking next to the
left bank. Photo No. 4 : whelps 60
seconds after the tidal bore front passage. Tidal bore on 21
July
2008 at sunrise : Photo No. 1
: tidal bore front approching the jetty of Saint Pardon at 07:03. Photo
No. 2 : wave breaking at the jetty during the wave front passage. Photo No. 3 : wave breaking on the jetty
about 58 s after the tidal bore front passage. Tidal bore on 2
September 2008 evening : Photo No.
1: View from Port de Saint Pardon, looking downstream. Photo
No. 2 : surfers in front of Port de Saint Pardon. Photo
No. 3 : surfers on the second wave crest passing in front of Port de
Saint Pardon.
Tidal bore near Truro (Bay of
Fundy, Canada) :looking upstream, detail
of bank erosion (Courtesy of Larry
SMITH). Photo No. 3 : arriving tidal
bore on the Salmon river on 22 Sept. 2001 (Courtesy of Dr M.R. GOURLAY). Photo No. 4 : sideview of tidal bore
on the Salmon river on 22 Sept. 2001 (Courtesy of Dr M.R. GOURLAY)
Severn river (England) : Photo
No. 1 : at Awre where the estuary is wide and shallow (Courtesy of
Professor D.H. PEREGRINE) - Photo No. 2
: further upriver where the Severn river is deeper and narrower (Courtesy of
Professor D.H. PEREGRINE).
The tidal bore on the Qiantang River
near Hangzhou, China, also known as the Hangchow or Hangzou bore : Photo No.1: Qiantang River bore at
Hangzhou CBD City Balcony on 9 October 2014. Photo
No.2: tidal bore at Qilimiao downstream of Yanguan on 11 October 2014.
Photo No. 3: tidal
bore between Yanguan and Laoyanchang on 11 October 2014. Photo No. 4: breaking tidal bore and
roller between between Yanguan and Laoyanchang on 11 October 2011. Photo No. 5: tidal bore reflection at
Laoyanchang on 11 October 2011. Photo
No. 6 : tidal bore impact on sluice gate structure at Jiuxi on 11
October 2014; in the foreground, the reflected wave overtopped the river
bank, flooding the nearby arterial and causing some traffic accident and
traffic jam. Photo No. 7:
tidal bore at Meilvba overtopping a spur dyke on 12 October 2014. Photo No. 8: tidal bore impact on the
sea wall at Xinchang on 13 October 2014; the bore was reflected on the wall
and the reflection came back about 40 minutes later. Photo
No. 9: tidal bore warning sign at Meilvba in October 2014; in this
area, the embankent dyke is regularly overtopped. Photo
No. 11 : view from the left bank (Courtesy of Dr J. Eric JONES); Photo No. 12 : another detailed view
(Courtesy of Dr J. Eric JONES).
The tidal bore of the Petitcodiac river,
near Moncton (Bay of Fundy, Canada). Photo
No. 1 : in spring 1908? near Moncton, the bore height being about 1 to
1.5 m (Courtesy of the Petitcodiac Riverkeeper) - Photo
No. 2 : on 23 Mar. 2000, the bore height was estimated to be about 0.5
m. The river discharge was larger than usual because of snow melt (Courtesy
of the Petitcodiac Riverkeeper).
Tidal bore on the Couesnon river
(France). The tidal bore is significantly weaker since the construction of
an upstream barrage. Photo No. 1 :
approaching bore on 7 March 2004 around 18:20. Photo
No. 2 : bore seen from the Tour de Gabriel on 7 March 2004 (bore
flowing from right to left). Photo No. 3
: Couesnon river at low tide on 4 Feb. 2004, looking upstream from Mont
Saint Michel monastery.
Tidal bore of the Sélune river,
Baie du Mont Saint Michel (France). Tidal bore on 7
April 2004 : tidal range = 13.75 m (highest tidal range for 2004).
Photo No. 1 : Sélune river estuary,
viewed from left bank at Roche-Torin at sunrise on 7/4/04 beofre tidal bore
arrival. Photo No. 2 : tidal bore seen
from Roche-Torin far away in front of Ile de Tombelaine with seagulls (white
dots) in front of the bore. Photo No. 3
: advancing tidal bore in front of Pointe du Grouin du Sud. Photo
No.
4 : advancing bore front viewed from Roche-Torin on 7/4/04. Photo
No. 5 : advancing bore front viewed from Roche-Torin on 7/4/04. Photo
No. 6 : advancing bore front just in front of Roche-Torin on 7/4/04. Photo No. 7 : tidal bore advancing
upstream, seen from Roche-Torin on 7/4/04. Photo
No. 8 : approaching tidal bore, one hour later, upstream of Pont
Aubaud (15th century bridge) at Pontaubault on7/4/04. Photo
No. 9 : approaching tidal bore, one hour later, upstream of Pont
Aubaud (15th century bridge) at Pontaubault on7/4/04. Photo
No.
10 : Sélune river tidal bore approaching Pont Aubaud (15th century
bridge) at Pontaubault on7/4/04. Photo No.
11 : Sélune river tidal bore passing below Pont Aubaud (15th century
bridge) at Pontaubault on7/4/04; note the bridge pier "knife" shape; note
also that the bore became an undular bore just downstream of the bridge,
possibly because of a local scour hole. Photo
No. 12 : strong current below Pont Aubaud (15th century bridge) on
7/4/04 after the tidal bore passage, view from left bank looking upstream.
Tidal bore on 2 August 2008: tidal
range = 12.65 m. Photo No. 1 : Sélune
river tidal bore at Roche Torin on 2/8/08 at sunset, viewed from the left
bank (bore propagation from left to right). Photo
No. 2 : tidal bore propagation past Roche Torin on 2/8/08. Photo
No. 3 : tidal bore past Roche Torin on 2/8/08. Photo
No. 4 : Sélune river tidal bore at Pontaubault on 2/8/08 at sunset,
about 1 hour after flowing past Roche Torin. Photo
No. 5 : Sélune river tidal bore at Pontaubault on 2/8/08, approaching
the histoical Pont Aubaud (15th century bridge); note the undular nature of
the tidal bore and the whelps (éteules). Photo
No. 6 : interactions of the whelps (éteules) with the bridge piers
shortly after the tidal bore front passage on 2/8/08. Tidal bore on 3
August 2008: tidal range = 12.65 m. Photo
No. 1 : Sélune river tidal bore at Roche Torin on 3/8/08 shortly after
sunrise, viewed from the left bank (bore propagation from left to right). Photo No. 2 : tidal bore propagation at
Roche Torin on 3/8/08.
Read Coastal
Observations:
The Tidal Bore of the Sélune River, Baie du Mont Saint Michel, France
(Shore & Beach, 2004, Vol. 72,
No. 4, pp. 14-16)
Tidal bore of the Garonne river,
France. Tidal bore on 5 July 2008
at Arcins (Latresnes). Photo No. 1 :
tidal bore entering the Arcins channel. Photo
No. 2 : incoming undular bore in the Arcins channel around 6:20am
looking downstream. Photo No. 3 :
whelps (eteules) behind the bore front shaking the pontoon and jetty. Tidal
bore on 5 July 2008 at Langoiran. Photo No.
1 : very weak bore with some was breaking next to the left bank about
7:05am, while there was no bore in the main channel nor next to the right
bank. Tidal bore on 6 July 2008 at
Arcins (Latresnes). Photo No. 1 :
looking downstream at the incoming bore around 7:10am; note the small ripple
formed by the tidal bore. Photo No. 2 :
undular bore passing in front of the photographer. Photo
No. 3 : propagating bore; note the strong mixing and reflection in the
inlet in the foreground. Tidal bore on 19
July 2008 at Podensac.Photo No. 1
: large-scale vortical structures at the free-surface on the channel
centreline on 19 July 2008 at end of ebb tide flow (18:30) shortly before
tidal bore arrival. Photo No. 2 : tidal
bore propagation next to left bank looking dowsntream at 18:43. Photo
No. 3 : details of the bore front impact on the left bank. Tidal bore
on 20 July 2008 at Langoiran. Photo No. 1 : surfer riding the bore
front next to the left bank. Photo No. 2
: surfer getting back to the boat after the ride. Tidal bore on 2 September 2008 at Podensac. Photo
No. 1 : Advancing bore with surfers. Photo
No. 2 : surfers next to the left bank. Tidal bore on 3
September 2008 at Baurech. Photographs taken from a kayack surfing
the Garonne River bore. Photo No. 1 :
looking towards the left bank while riding ahead of the first wave crest. Photo No. 2 : looking towards the right
bank at several kayacks riding ahead the first wave crest. Photo
No. 3 : riding the whelps behind the bore front.
Tidal bores in Bretagne (Brittany),
France. (1) Tidal bore of the Arguenon
River, Bretagne (Brittany). Photo
No. 1 : tidal bore at Les Pierre Sonantes, le Guildo on 15 Oct. 2008.
Photo No. 2 : tidal bore betwen Le
Guildo and Créhen. (2) Tidal bore of the Frémur
Creek, Côtes d'Armor, Bretagne (Brittany). Photo
No. 1 : tidal bore at Port-à-la Duc on 15 Oct. 2008. Photo
No. 2 : tidal bore upstream of Port-à-la Duc on 16 Oct. 2008.
Related
links
Video movie on YouTube
Dam break wave, Tidal bore, In-river tsunami surge: what the hell? - {https://youtu.be/SQaPoSj2lP4} (Record
at UQeSpace) (UQ
Civil Engineering YouTube channel)
Tidal Bore Research at the University of Queensland - {https://youtu.be/q1ieo7fQ6X8}
Such a bore - {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mO5-wxnqTA}
References
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Butterworth-Heinemann, London, UK, 512 pages (ISBN 0 340 74067 1).
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29th
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Waves and Wakes." American Elsevier
Publ. Co., New York, USA.
Bibiography
BARTSCH-WINKLER, S., and LYNCH, D.K. (1988).
"Catalog of Worldwide Tidal Bore Occurrences and Characteristics."
US Geological Survey Circular, No.
1022, 17 pages.
BARTSCH-WINKLER, S., EMMANUEL, R.P., and WINKLER, G.R. (1985).
"Reconnaissance Hydrology and Suspended Sediment Analysis, Turnagain Arm
Estuary, Upper Cook Inlet."
US
Geological Survey Circular, No. 967, pp. 48-52.
BAZIN, H. (1865). "Recherches Expérimentales sur la Propagation des
Ondes." ('Experimental Research on Wave Propagation.')
Mémoires
présentés par divers savants
à l'Académie des Sciences, Paris,
France, Vol. 19, pp. 495-644 (in French).
BEAVER, W.N. (1920). "Unexplored New Guinea. A Record of the Travels of a
Resident Magistrate amongst the Head-Hunting Savages and Cannibals of the
Unexplored Interior of New Guinea."
Seeley,
Service & Co, London, UK, 320 pages.
CHANSON, H. (2004). "
Environmental
Hydraulics of Open Channel Flows."
Butterworth-Heinemann,
Oxford, UK (ISBN 0 7506 6165 8).
CHANSON, H. (2004). "
The
Hydraulics of Open Channel Flows : An Introduction."
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2nd
edition, Oxford, UK (ISBN 0 7506 5978 5).
CHANSON, H. (2004). "Mixing and Dispersion Role of Tidal Bores." in "
Fluvial, Environmental & Coastal
Developments in Hydraulic Engineering",
Balkema, Leiden, The
Netherlands, Proc. Intl Workshop on State-of-the-Art Hydraulic
Engineering, 16-19 Feb. 2004, Bari, Italy, M. MOSSA, Y. YASUDA and H.
CHANSON Ed., pp. 223-232 (ISBN 04 1535 899 X). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace) (
Download PDF file) (
Leaflet
and Order Form)
CHANSON, H. (2004). "Coastal Observations: The Tidal Bore of the Sélune
River, Baie du Mont Saint Michel, France."
Shore
& Beach, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 14-16 (ISSN 0037-4237). (
Download
PDF file)
CHANSON, H. (2005). "Mascaret, Aegir, Pororoca, Tidal Bore. Quid ? Où?
Quand? Comment? Pourquoi ?"
Jl La
Houille Blanche, No. 3, pp. 103-114 (ISSN 0018-6368) (in French).
(
PDF file
at UQeSpace) (
Download PDF
file)
CHANSON, H. (2005). "Physical Modelling of the Flow Field in an Undular
Tidal Bore."
Jl of Hyd. Res.,
IAHR, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 234-244 (ISSN 0022-1686). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace) (
Download PDF file)
CHANSON, H. (2008). "Turbulence in Positive Surges and Tidal Bores.
Effects of Bed Roughness and Adverse Bed Slopes."
Hydraulic
Model Report No. CH68/08, Div. of Civil Engineering, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 121 pages & 5 movie
files (ISBN 9781864999198). (
PDF
file
at UQeSpace) (Movie files at
UQeSpace)
CHANSON, H. (2008). "Photographic Observations of Tidal Bores (Mascarets)
in France." Hydraulic Model Report No. CH71/08, Div. of Civil Engineering,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 104 pages, 1 movie and
2 audio files (ISBN 9781864999303). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace) (
Movie
file
and sound audio files at UQeSpace)
CHANSON, H. (2009). "The Rumble Sound Generated by a Tidal Bore Event in
the Baie du Mont Saint Michel."
Journal
of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 125, No. 6, pp.
3561-3568 (DOI: 10.1121/1.3124781) (ISSN 00014966). (
PDF
file) (
PDF
file
at UQeSpace) Digital appendix: (
.WAV
file at UQeSpace). Data set:
UQeSpace
data collection.
CHANSON, H. (2009). "An Experimental Study of Tidal Bore Propagation: the
Impact of Bridge Piers and Channel Constriction."
Hydraulic
Model Report No. CH74/08, School of Civil Engineering, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 110 pages & 5 movies
(ISBN 9781864999600). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace) (
Movies
at
UQeSpace)
CHANSON, H. (2010). "Unsteady Turbulence in Tidal Bores: Effects of Bed
Roughness."
Journal of Waterway, Port,
Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 136, No. 5, pp.
247-256 (DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000048) (ISSN 0733-950X). (
PDF file) (
Record
at UQeSpace)
CHANSON, H. (2010). "Undular Bores."
Proc.
Second
International Conference on Coastal Zone Engineering and Management
(Arabian Coast 2010), November 1-3, 2010, Muscat, Oman, Sultan
Qaboos University Press, Invited plenary lecture, pp. 29-40 (ISSN
2219-1283). (
PDF
file) (
PDF
file at UQeSpace)
CHANSON, H. (2011). "Current Knowledge in Tidal bores and their
Environmental, Ecological and Cultural Impacts."
Environmental
Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 77-98 (DOI:
10.1007/s10652-009-9160-5) (ISSN 1567-7419 [Print] 1573-1510 [Online]). (
PDF file) (
Record at UQeSpace)
CHANSON, H. (2011). "
Tidal
Bores, Aegir, Eagre, Mascaret, Pororoca: Theory and Observations."
World Scientific, Singapore, 220
pages (ISBN 9789814335416).
CHANSON, H. (2013). "Tidal Bore Research: Field Works, Physical Modeling,
CFD & More."
Proc. 35th IAHR World
Congress, Chengdu, China, 8-13 Sept., WANG Z., LEE, J.H.W., GAO,
J., and CAO S. Editors, Invited lecture, Paper A12210, 11 pages (ISBN
978-7-302-33544-3). (
PDF
file) (
Record
at UQeSpace)
CHANSON, H. (2016). "Atmospheric Noise of a Breaking Tidal Bore."
Journal
of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 139, No. 1, pp. 12-20
(DOI: 10.1121/1.4939113) (ISSN 00014966). (
PDF
file) (
Preprint
at UQeSpace)
CHANSON, H. (2022). "Unsteady air
entrainment in dam break waves and bores: theoretical considerations."
Proceedings
of 23rd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC2022, Sydney,
Australia, 4-8 December, Editors C. LEI, B. THORNBER and S. ARMFIELD,
Paper AFMC2022-011, 8 pages (ISSN 2653-0597). (
PDF file) (
Deposit at UQeSpace) (
AFMC2022 Proceedings)
CHANSON, H. (2022). "Physical Modelling of Compression Wave Impacting
Moored Vessel."
Proceedings of 23rd Australasian Fluid Mechanics
Conference AFMC2022, Sydney, Australia, 4-8 December, Editors C.
LEI, B. THORNBER and S. ARMFIELD, Paper AFMC2022-021, 8 pages (ISSN
2653-0597). (
PDF
file) (
Deposit
at UQeSpace) (
AFMC2022 Proceedings)
CHANSON, H., and DOCHERTY, N.J. (2012).
"Turbulent Velocity Measurements in Open Channel Bores."
European
Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids, Vol. 32, pp. 52-58 (DOI
10.1016/j.euromechflu.2011.10.001) (ISSN 0997-7546). (
Postprint
at UQeSpace) (
PDF
file)
CHANSON, H., LUBIN, P., and GLOCKNER, S. (2012). "Unsteady Turbulence in a
Shock: Physical and Numerical Modelling in Tidal Bores and Hydraulic
Jumps." in "
Turbulence: Theory,
Types and Simulation",
Nova
Science Publishers, Hauppauge NY, USA, Ed. R.J. MARCUSO, Chapter
3, pp. 113-148 (ISBN 978-1-61761-735-5). (
PDF
file) (
Record
at UQeSpace)
CHANSON, H., REUNGOAT, D., SIMON, B., and LUBIN, P. (2011).
"High-Frequency Turbulence and Suspended Sediment Concentration
Measurements in the Garonne River Tidal Bore."
Estuarine
Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 95, No. 2-3, pp. 298-306 (DOI
10.1016/j.ecss.2011.09.012) (ISSN 0272-7714). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace) (
PDF
file)
CHANSON, H., and TAN, K.K. (2011). "Turbulent Dispersion of Fish Eggs
under Tidal Bores."
Fluid Dynamics
& Materials Processing, Tech Science Press, Vol. 7, No. 4,
pp. 403-418 (DOI: 10.3970/fdmp.2011.007.403) (ISSN 1555-256X (Printed);
1555-2578 (Electronic)). (
Postprint
at UQeSpace) (
PDF
file)
CHANSON, H., and TOI, Y.H. (2013). "Breaking tidal bore: comparison
between field data and laboratory experiments."
Proc.
21ème Congrès Français de Mécanique CFM 2013, Bordeaux, France,
26-30 Aug., Paper R3SJ46ER, 6 pages (USB) (in English). (
PDF
file) (
Record
at UQeSpace)
CHANSON, H., and TOI, Y.H. (2015). "Physical Modelling of Breaking Tidal
Bores: Comparison with Prototype Data."
Journal
of
Hydraulic Research, IAHR, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 264-273 (DOI:
10.1080/00221686.2014.989458) (ISSN 0022-1686). (
Postprint
at UQeSpace) (
PDF
file)
CHEN, Jiyu, LIU, Cangzi, ZHANG, Chongle, and WALKER, H.J. (1990).
"Geomorphological Development and Sedimentation in Qiantang Estuary and
Hangzhou Bay."
Jl of Coastal Res.,
Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 559-572.
DARA SOECHIARTO, E., WÜTHRICH, D., and
CHANSON, H. (2020). "Unsteady Surge Characteristics in Semi-Circular
Channels."
Proceedings of 22nd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference
AFMC2020, Brisbane, Australia, 7-10 December, Published by The
University of Queensland, Editors H. CHANSON and R. BROWN, Paper 25, 4
pages (DOI: 10.14264/805a21a) (ISBN 978-1-74272-341-9). (
Deposit at UQeSpace)
COUSTEAU, J.Y., and RICHARDS, M. (1984).
"Jacques Cousteau's Amazon Journey."
The
Cousteau Society, Paris, France. (also
RD
Press, Australia, 1985.)
DOCHERTY, N.J., and CHANSON, H. (2012). "Physical Modelling of Unsteady
Turbulence in Breaking Tidal Bores."
Journal
of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 138, No. 5, pp. 412-419
(DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000542) (ISSN 0733-9429). (
Postprint at
UQeSpace) (
PDF
file)
DONNELLY, C., and CHANSON, H. (2005). "Environmental Impact of Undular
Tidal Bores in Tropical Rivers."
Environmental
Fluid
Mechanics, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 481-494 (ISSN 1567-7419). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace) (
Download PDF file)
FAVRE, H. (1935). "Etude Théorique et Expérimentale des Ondes de
Translation dans les Canaux Découverts." ('Theoretical and Experimental
Study of Travelling Surges in Open Channels.')
Dunod,
Paris, France (in French).
FERNANDO, R., LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2018). "Compression Wave
Propagation in Asymmetrical Canals."
Proceedings of 21st Australasian
Fluid Mechanics Conference, Adelaide, Australia, 10-13 December,
Editors T.C.W. LAU and R. M. KELSO, Paper 531, 4 pages (ISBN
978-0-646-59784-3). (
PDF
file) (
Record
at UQeSpace)
FERNANDO, R., LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2020). "On Unsteady Velocity
Measurements and Profiling in Compression Waves in an Asymmetrical
Trapezoidal Channel."
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol.
112, Paper 109986, 15 pages & 8 video movies (DOI:
10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.109986) (ISSN 0894-1777). (
PDF file) (
Postprint at
UQeSpace) (
Video
movies at UQeSpace)
FURGEROT, L. (2014). "Propriétés hydrodynamiques du mascaret et de son
influence sur la dynamique sédimentaire. Une approche couplée en canal et
in situ (estuaire de la Sée, Baie du Mont Saint Michel)." (Hydrodynamic
characteristics of tidal bores and impact on sedimentary processes. A
combination of laboratory experimenta and field studies (Sée estuary, Bay
of Mont Saint Michel).')
Ph.D. thesis,
University of Caen Basse-Normandie, laboratory M2C, Caen, France, 386
pages.
GORDON, J.H. (1924). "Tidal Bore at Mouth of Colorado River. December 8 to
10, 1923."
Monthly Weather Review,
Vol. 52, Feb., pp. 98-99.
KEEVIL, C.E., CHANSON, H., and REUNGOAT, D. (2015)." Fluid Flow and
Sediment Entrainment in the Garonne River Bore and Tidal Bore Collision."
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,
Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 1574-1586 (DOI: 10.1002/esp.3735) (ISSN 0197-9337). (
PDF file)
(
Preprint
at
UQeSpace)
KHEZRI, N. (2014). "Modelling Turbulent Mixing and Sediment Process
Beneath Tidal Bores: Physical and Numerical Investigations."
Ph.D.
thesis, School of Civil Engineering, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 267 pages. (
PDF
file at UQeSpace)
KHEZRI, N., and CHANSON, H. (2012). "Inception of Bed Load Motion beneath
a Bore."
Geomorphology, Vol.
153-154, pp. 39-47 (DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.02.006) (ISSN 0169-555X).
(
Postprint
at UQeSpace) (
PDF
file)
KHEZRI, N., and CHANSON, H. (2012). "Sediment Inception under Breaking
Tidal Bores."
Mechanics Research
Communications, Vol. 41, pp. 49-53 (DOI
10.1016/j.mechrescom.2012.02.010) (ISSN 0093-6413). (
PDF
file) (
Postprint
at UQeSpace) (
Digital
appendix:
video movie)
KHEZRI, N., and CHANSON, H. (2013). "Simultaneous Measurements of
Turbulent Velocity and Sediment Motion under Tidal Bores." Proc. 35th IAHR
World Congress, Chengdu, China, 8-13 Sept., WANG Z., LEE, J.H.W., GAO, J.,
and CAO S. Editors, Paper A10216, 10 pages (ISBN 978-7-302-33544-3). (
PDF file) (
Record
at UQeSpace)
KIRI, U., LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2020). "Positive Surge Propagating in
an Asymmetrical Canal."
Journal of Hydro-environment Research,
IAHR, Vol. 31, pp. 41-47 &
Supplementary material incl. 4 video movies (DOI:
10.1016/j.jher.2020.04.002) (ISSN 1570-6443). (
PDF
file) (
Preprint
at UQeSpace) (
Movies
at UQeSpace)
KIRI, U., LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2020). "Transient Secondary Currents
behind a Compression Wave in an Irregular Channel."
Environmental
Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 1053-1073 & 1 vide movie
(DOI: 10.1007/s10652-020-09740-y) (ISSN 1567-7419 [Print] 1573-1510
[Online]). (
PDF
file) (
Postprint
at UQeSpace) (
Movie
at UQeSpace)
KJERFVE, B., and FERREIRA, H.O. (1993). "Tidal Bores: First Ever
Measurements."
Ciência e Cultura
(Jl of the Brazilian Assoc. for the Advancement of Science), Vol. 45,
No. 2, March/April, pp. 135-138.
KOCH, C., and CHANSON, H. (2005). "An Experimental Study of Tidal Bores
and Positive Surges: Hydrodynamics and Turbulence of the Bore Front."
Report No. CH56/05, Dept. of Civil
Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, July, 170
pages (ISBN 1864998245).(
PDF
file at UQeSpace) (
Download PDF file)
(also
PDF Version at
EprintsUQ)
KOCH, C., and CHANSON, H. (2006). "Unsteady Turbulence Characteristics in
an Undular Bore."
Proc. International
Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics River Flow 2006, Lisbon,
Portugal, 6-8 Sept., Topic A1, R.M.L. FERREIRA, E.C.T.L. ALVES, J.G.A.B.
LEAL, and A.H. CARDOSO Eds., Balkema Publ., Taylor & Francis Group,
London, Vol. 1, pp. 79-88 (ISBN 0 415 40815 6). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace) (
PDF
version
at EprintsUQ) (
Preprint)
KOCH, C., and CHANSON, H. (2008). "Turbulent Mixing beneath an Undular
Bore Front."
Journal of Coastal
Research, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 999-1007 (DOI: 10.2112/06-0688.1)
(ISSN 0749-0208). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace)
LENG, X. (2018). "A Study of Turbulence: the Unsteady Propagation of Bores
and Surges."
Ph.D. thesis, School of Civil Engineering, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 364 pages & 2 Digital
Appendices (
DOI:
10.14264/uql.2018.501). (
PDF
at UQeSpace) (
Digital
Appendix E &
Digital
Appendix F)
LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2014). "Turbulent Advances of Breaking Bores:
Experimental Observations."
Hydraulic
Model Report No. CH96/14, School of Civil Engineering, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 40 pages (ISBN 978 1 74272
130 9). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace)
LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2015). "Breaking Bore: Physical Observations of
Roller Characteristics."
Mechanics
Research Communications, Vol. 65, pp. 24-29 (DOI:
10.1016/j.mechrescom.2015.02.008) (ISSN 0093-6413). (
PDF
file) (
Preprint
at
UQeSpace)
LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2015). "Unsteady Turbulence during the Upstream
Propagation of Undular and Breaking Tidal Bores: an Experimental
Investigation."
Hydraulic Model Report
No. CH98/15, School of Civil Engineering, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 235 pages & 4 video movies (ISBN 978
1 74272 135 4). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace) (
Video
movies at UQeSpace)
LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2015). "Turbulent Advances of a Breaking Bore:
Preliminary Physical Experiments."
Experimental
Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 62, pp. 70-77 (DOI:
10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.12.002) (ISSN 0894-1777). (
PDF file) (
Record at UQeSpace)
LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2016). "Coupling between Free-surface
Fluctuations, Velocity Fluctuations and Turbulent Reynolds Stresses during
the Upstream Propagation of Positive Surges, Bores and Compression Waves."
Environmental Fluid Mechanics,
Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 695-719 & digital appendix (DOI:
10.1007/s10652-015-9438-8) (ISSN 1567-7419 [Print] 1573-1510 [Online]). (
PDF file)
(
Digital
appendix) (
Reprint
at UQeSpace)
LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2018). "Two-phase Flow Characteristics of a
Breaking Tidal Bore Roller: Microscopic Properties."
Hydraulic Model
Report No. CH109/18, School of Civil Engineering, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 190 pages (ISBN 978-1-74272-195-8). (
Deposit at
UQeSpace)
LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2018). "Transverse Velocity Profiling under
Positive Surges in Channels."
Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,
Vol. 64, pp. 14-27 (DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2018.10.006) (ISSN
0955-5986). (
PDF
file) (
Reprint
at UQeSpace)
LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2019). "Two-Dimensional Integral Turbulent
Scales in Compression Wave in a Canal."
Experimental Thermal and Fluid
Science, Vol. 102, pp. 163-180 (DOI:
10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.09.014) (ISSN 0894-1777). (
PDF file) (
Deposit at
UQeSpace)
LENG, X., and CHANSON, H. (2019). "Air-Water Interaction and
Characteristics in Breaking Bores."
International Journal of
Multiphase Flow, Vol. 120, Paper 103101, 17 pages (DOI:
10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2019.103101) (ISSN 0301-9322). (
PDF file) (
Postprint at
UQeSpace)
LENG, X., CHANSON, H., and REUNGOAT, D. (2018). "Turbulence and Turbulent
Flux Events in Tidal Bores: Case Study of the Undular Tidal Bore of the
Garonne River."
Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp.
807-828 (DOI: 10.1007/s10652-017-9561-9) (ISSN 1567-7419 [Print] 1573-1510
[Online]). (
PDF
file) (
Preprint
at UQeSpace)
LENG, X., SIMON, B., KHEZRI, N., LUBIN, P., and CHANSON, H. (2018). "CFD
Modelling of Tidal Bores: Development and Validation Challenges."
Coastal Engineering Journal, Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 423-436 (DOI:
10.1080/21664250.2018.1498211) (ISSN 0578-5634). (
PDF
file) (
Deposit
at UQeSpace)
LENG, X., LUBIN, P., and CHANSON, H. (2020).
"CFD modelling of surface wave breaking in a long channel."
Proceedings
of 22nd Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC2020, Brisbane,
Australia, 7-10 December, Published by The University of Queensland,
Editors H. CHANSON and R. BROWN,
Invited plenary lecture paper,
Paper 229, 4 pages (DOI: 10.14264/852394c) (ISBN 978-1-74272-341-9). (
Deposit at UQeSpace)
LI, Y. (2020). "Hydrodynamics of tidal
bores: turbulent propagation and sediment transport."
Ph.D. Thesis,
The University of Queensland, School of Civil Engineering, Brisbane,
Australia, 308 pages & Supplementary materials (DOI:
10.14264/uql.2020.671). (
Deposit
at UQeSpace)
LI, Y., and CHANSON, H. (2018). "Decelerating Bores in Channels and
Estuaries."
Coastal Engineering Journal, Vol. 60, No. 4, pp.
449-465 (DOI: 10.1080/21664250.2018.1529261) (ISSN 0578-5634). (
PDF file) (
Deposit at
UQeSpace)
LI, Y., and CHANSON, H. (2022). "Vanishing
bore: Turbulent propagation and transformation."
Canadian Journal of
Civil Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 289-294 (DOI:
10.1139/cjce-2020-0419) (ISSN 0315-1468). (
PDF file) (
Postprint at UQeSpace)
LI, Y., PAN, D.Z., CHANSON, H., and PAN,
C.H. (2019). "Real-Time Characteristics of Tidal Bore Propagation in the
Qiantang River Estuary, China, Recorded by Marine Radar."
Continental
Shelf Research, Vol. 180, pp. 48-58 (DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2019.04.012)
(ISSN 0278-4343). (
PDF
file) (
Record
at UQeSpace)
LUBIN, P., GLOCKNER, S., and CHANSON, H. (2010). "Numerical Simulation of
a Weak Breaking Tidal Bore."
Mechanics
Research Communications, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 119-121 (DOI:
10.1016/j.mechrescom.2009.09.008) (ISSN 0093-6413). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace)
KOCH, C., and CHANSON, H. (2009). "Turbulence Measurements in Positive
Surges and Bores."
Journal of Hydraulic
Research, IAHR, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 29-40 (DOI:
10.3826/jhr.2009.2954) (ISSN 0022-1686). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace)
MOLCHAN-DOUTHIT, M. (1998). "Alaska Bore Tales."
National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Anchorage, USA, revised,
2 pages.
MONTES, J.S. (1979). "Undular Hydraulic Jump - Discussion."
Jl of Hyd. Div., ASCE, Vol. 105, No. HY9, pp. 1208-1211.
MONTES, J.S. (1986). "A Study
of the Undular Jump Profile." Proc. 9th Australasian Fluid
Mechanics Conference AFMC, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 148-151.
MONTES, J.S., and CHANSON, H. (1998). "Characteristics of Undular
Hydraulic Jumps. Results and Calculations."
Jl of Hyd. Engrg.,
ASCE, Vol. 124, No. 2, pp. 192-205 (ISSN 0733-9429). (
PDF
file at UQeSpace) (
download PDF
file)
MOUAZE, D., CHANSON, H., and SIMON, B. (2010). "Field Measurements in the
Tidal Bore of the Sélune River in the Bay of Mont Saint Michel (September
2010)."
Hydraulic Model Report No.
CH81/10, School of Civil Engineering, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 72 pages (ISBN 9781742720210). (
PDF file at
UQeSpace)
PAN, D.Z., and CHANSON, H. (2015). "Physical Modelling of Tidal Bore Dyke
Overtopping: Implication on Individuals' Safety."
Proc.
36th IAHR World Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands, 27 June-3
July, Paper 78972, 8 pages (ISBN 978-90-824846-0-1). (
PDF
file)
PEREGRINE, D.H. (1966). "Calculations of the Development of an Undular
Bore."
Jl Fluid Mech., Vol. 25,
Part 2, pp. 321-330.
REUNGOAT, F., CAPLAIN, B., and CHANSON, H. (2013). "Field Measurements in
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YEOW,
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Acknowledgments
Hubert CHANSON
thanks Dr Eric Jones for his helpful discussion and advice. Photographs
courtesy of Sequana-Normandie (Caudebec-en-Caux, France), Jean-Jacques
MALANDAIN, Dr Eric JONES, Professor Howell PEREGRINE, Petitcodiac
Riverkeeper.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License.
Hubert
CHANSON is a Professor in Civil Engineering, Hydraulic
Engineering and Environmental Fluid Mechanics at the University
of Queensland, Australia. His research interests include design of
hydraulic structures, experimental investigations of two-phase flows,
applied hydrodynamics, hydraulic engineering, water quality modelling,
environmental fluid mechanics, estuarine processes and natural resources.
He has been an active consultant for both governmental agencies and
private organisations. His publication record includes over 1250
international refereed papers and his work was cited over 6,500 times
(WoS) to 22,500 times (Google
Scholar) since 1990. His h-index is 47 (WoS), 51 (Scopus) and 80 (Google
Scholar), and he is ranked among the 150 most cited researchers in
civil engineering in Shanghai’s
Global Ranking of Academics. Hubert Chanson is the author of twenty
books, including "Hydraulic Design
of Stepped Cascades, Channels, Weirs and Spillways" (Pergamon,
1995), "Air Bubble Entrainment in
Free-Surface Turbulent Shear Flows" (Academic
Press, 1997), "The Hydraulics
of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction" (Butterworth-Heinemann,
1st edition 1999, 2nd
editon 2004), "The Hydraulics of
Stepped Chutes and Spillways" (Balkema,
2001), "Environmental
Hydraulics of Open Channel Flows" (Butterworth-Heinemann,
2004), "Tidal
Bores, Aegir, Eagre, Mascaret, Pororoca: Theory And Observations" (World
Scientific, 2011), "Applied
Hydrodynamics:
an Introduction" (CRC
Press, 2014). He co-authored three further books "Fluid Mechanics
for Ecologists" (IPC Press, 2002), "Fluid Mechanics for Ecologists.
Student Edition" (IPC, 2006) and
"Fish Swimming in Turbulent Waters. Hydraulics Guidelines
to assist Upstream Fish Passage in Box Culverts" (CRC Press 2021). His textbook "The Hydraulics
of Open Channel Flows: An Introduction" has already been translated
into Spanish (McGraw-Hill
Interamericana) and Chinese (Hydrology Bureau of Yellow
River Conservancy Committee), and the second
edition was published in 2004. In 2003, the IAHR
presented him with the 13th Arthur Ippen Award
for outstanding achievements in hydraulic engineering. The American
Society of Civil Engineers, Environmental and Water Resources Institute
(ASCE-EWRI) presented him with the 2004 award for the Best Practice paper
in the Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ("Energy
Dissipation
and Air Entrainment in Stepped Storm Waterway" by Chanson and
Toombes 2002), the 2018 Honorable Mention Paper Award for "Minimum Specific
Energy and Transcritical Flow in Unsteady Open-Channel Flow" by
Castro-Orgaz and Chanson (2016) in the ASCE Journal of Irrigation and
Drainage Engineering, and the 2020 Outstanding Reviewer Award. The
Institution of Civil Engineers (UK) presented him the 2018 Baker Medal. In
2018, he was inducted a Fellow of the Australasian
Fluid Mechanics Society. Hubert Chanson edited further several books
: "Fluvial, Environmental and Coastal
Developments in Hydraulic Engineering" (Mossa, Yasuda & Chanson
2004, Balkema), "Hydraulics.
The
Next Wave" (Chanson & Macintosh 2004, Engineers
Australia), "Hydraulic
Structures:
a Challenge to Engineers and Researchers" (Matos & Chanson 2006,
The University of Queensland), "Experiences and
Challenges in Sewers: Measurements and Hydrodynamics" (Larrate &
Chanson 2008, The University of
Queensland), "Hydraulic
Structures:
Useful Water Harvesting Systems or Relics?" (Janssen & Chanson
2010, The University of Queensland),
"Balance
and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World" (Valentine et al. 2011,
Engineers Australia), "Hydraulic
Structures and Society – Engineering Challenges and Extremes"
(Chanson and Toombes 2014, University
of Queensland), "Energy
Dissipation
in Hydraulic Structures" (Chanson 2015, IAHR
Monograph, CRC Press). He chaired the Organisation of the 34th
IAHR World Congress held in Brisbane, Australia between 26 June and
1 July 2011. He chaired the Scientific Committee of the 5th IAHR
International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures held in Brisbane in
June 2014. He co-chaired the Organisation of the 22nd Australasian Fluid
Mechanics Conference held as a hybrid format in Brisbane, Australia on
6-10 December 2020.
His Internet home page is http://www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans.
He also developed a gallery of photographs website {http://www.uq.edu.au/~e2hchans/photo.html}
that received more than 2,000 hits per month since inception.
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Footnotes
